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- Name : Manganese
- Symbol : Mn
- Atomic # : 25
- Atom weight: 54.9380
- Melting P. : 1244
- Boiling P. : 1962
- Oxidation : +2, +3, +4, +7
- Pronounced : MAN-ge-nees
- From : Latin magnes, "magnet"
- Identified : Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774
- Appearance : Hard, brittle, gray-white metal
- Note : Manganese enhances the ability to form and hot-work steel,
- and it increases the resistance to impact. It is used to
- form steel alloys
-
- [Properties]
-
- Manganese is the first of the Group-VB elements on the periodic table.
- Pure manganese metal is hard and brittle; it looks and feels a lot like
- iron. It is fairly reactive, behaving much like iron in this respect as
- well. It even "rusts" like iron in moist air.
- There are four solid allotropes of manganese, alpha through beta. The
- alpha and beta forms exist at temperatures below 1000 degrees and thus
- represent the element as it is most commonly known. The beta state occurs
- at temperatures between 700 and 1000 degrees, but can be retained at room
- temperatures by extremely rapid cooling, or quenching.
- The gamma allotrope can exist for extended periods of time at
- temperatures between 1000 degrees and 1100 degrees. However, it is also
- produced at lower temperatures when manganese is subjected to electrolytic
- operations. As soon as the electrolysis is stopped, the sample quickly
- reverts to the gamma allotrope.
- The delta allotrope exists only at temperatures above 1100 degrees.
-